How to Build a Simple Skincare Routine

Every routine is built on the same few steps. In the morning: a gentle cleanser or a rinse with water, an optional antioxidant serum such as vitamin C, a moisturizer, and a broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher. At night: a cleanser to remove sunscreen and makeup, a treatment product such as a retinoid if you use one, and a moisturizer.

That is all most people need. Extra steps are optional, and more products mean more chances for irritation. Build the foundation first, then add targeted treatments for specific concerns like acne or dark spots.

Add one new product at a time and give it two to four weeks before adding another. If your skin reacts, you will know which product caused it.

Choose a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser that leaves your skin comfortable, not tight or squeaky. Wash with lukewarm water and your fingertips, then pat dry. Scrubbing and hot water strip the skin barrier.

Double cleansing, an oil or balm cleanser followed by a regular cleanser, is helpful at night if you wear water-resistant sunscreen or heavy makeup. It is optional for everyone else. Washcloths are fine if they are soft, clean and used gently.

Toners are optional. Hydrating toners add a light layer of moisture, while exfoliating toners contain acids and should be used carefully, especially alongside retinoids.

A simple rule is to apply products from thinnest to thickest: watery serums first, then lotions and creams, then oils. In the morning, sunscreen always goes last, before makeup.

Serums deliver concentrated active ingredients. Vitamin C usually works best in the morning under sunscreen, where it adds antioxidant protection. Retinoids belong at night, because sunlight breaks many of them down and they can make skin more sensitive.

Keep active ingredients to one or two at a time. Layering several strong actives, such as retinoids, exfoliating acids and high-strength vitamin C, is a common cause of irritation.

Moisturizers combine three types of ingredients: humectants like glycerin and hyaluronic acid draw water into the skin, emollients soften it, and occlusives such as petrolatum and dimethicone seal moisture in.

Lighter gels and lotions labelled non-comedogenic suit oily or acne-prone skin. Richer creams suit dry or mature skin, and ointments work best for very dry areas. Apply moisturizer to slightly damp skin, and use something richer in winter.

Face mists feel refreshing but add little lasting hydration on their own unless they are followed by a moisturizer.